Far away. Registration of biocidal actives is costly (USD 3-5MM/region) and takes at least five years. Because of the cost and timeline to registration, and uncertainty of regulatory agencies' responses to the active, this is an unpopular option, and why we have such few alternatives to current actives. I would guess that the emerging technologies will not seek registration/approval unless it is already covered by an already existing registered active. In addition, these solutions can be expensive and typically require higher use levels to achieve efficacy, making these options not viable for practical use currently. ...