Juha Nikkola Juha Nikkola VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland T +358 20 722 3672 Improved durability and long-term performance of outdoor coatings are required in various industrial and domestic applications. In particular, these include functional coating performance, such as easy-to-clean, selfcleaning, anti-fouling or anti-mould finishes [1]. Fouling of surfaces and its prevention using anti-fouling materials have been a subject of study for decades [2]. ...