Turmeric comes from the root of a plant native to Asia and is related to ginger. It has been used in cooking for hundreds of years and is popular for its golden-orange colour. Nguyen et al. used curcuminmodified graphene oxide as an antibacterial agent in polyurethane coatings showing in their 2021 paper in JCTR that it had a higher bacterial effect against E. coli compared to standard graphene oxide.