Aqueous coatings with all their ingredients used for the production of binders and coatings are already a very complex system. The physicochemical properties of such a heterogeneous system promote foam formation during processing in the dispersion unit or even during pumping. And this foam causes problems in many places. In production, there are dead volumes in pumps and lines, and during filling, less volume is put into the containers. Then during application, the foam can cause imperfections in the paint film. These then lead to lower resistance, altered appearance and much more. Defoamers have different mechanisms of action. ...