Water-based products are susceptible to microbial contamination. Contamination can be introduced during a variety of stages in the product life cycle, including manufacturing and packaging of the products, "in can" (e.g. storage, transportation, transfer, and usage), or on the dry film after application. Microbial susceptibility can cause product degradation, reduce product performance, or even induce hygiene and human health issues, which could then result in a wide range of possible consequences including product recall, customer complaints, reduced perception of product quality, production stoppage, etc. For these reasons, manufacturers add biocides to their water-borne products. There are three different ...