Automobiles are becoming more and more environmentally friendly. One approach to make cars "greener" is to reduce the weight of the car, thus requiring less fuel upon use. Consequently, modern cars are increasingly made from plastic parts where possible and thermoplastic polyolefins (TPO) are becoming an important part of the car. With an estimated 13 kg of plastic parts used per car, and around 80 million cars produced in 2018 globally, the total weight of plastic substrates used in car manufacturing was around 1,000 million kg in 2018. However, adhesion of coating systems to such TPO substrates is ...