1 In addition to raw material costs and availability, the issue of energy-efficient and cost-effective paint and varnish production has become increasingly important for paint manufacturers, especially since the energy crisis. This also primarily affects pigment suppliers, as the dispersion of pigments is the most energy-intensive step in colour production for paint manufacturers. For this reason, the topic of energy-efficient dispersion is the most important driver for developments in the pigment sector, alongside the stability and technical and economic efficiency of coloured pigment pastes. Pigment manufacturers are therefore working primarily on easily dispersible pigments (pigment preparations) or have found solutions ...