Usually, metals in high-performance applications are protected from corrosion by multilayer coating systems consisting of a conversion layer, a primer and a topcoat. The conversion layer promotes the passivation of the surface and together with the anti-corrosion pigments (usually present in the primer) can provide active corrosion protection. The remaining layers block the access of oxygen, water and ionic molecules to the metal surface (barrier protection effect), or even just provide decorative properties (aesthetic effect of topcoat). Ideally, the aim is to achieve efficient corrosion protection with a single layer coating (with active and passivating agents) produced from a water-borne ...